Superconducting circuits
Lithographed electrical circuits cooled to millikelvin temperatures. Fast gates and established fabrication routes; large-scale wiring, cooling and error rates remain hard.
03 / TYPES OF QUANTUM
There is no single quantum computer.
Several hardware approaches are being developed. Architecture choice changes the tradeoffs in control, error, connectivity, manufacturing and how machines scale.
Trapped ions
Individual charged atoms held and controlled with electromagnetic fields and lasers. Strong coherence and flexible connectivity; optical control and gate speed create scale challenges.
Neutral atoms
Arrays of uncharged atoms held with optical tweezers and driven into Rydberg interactions. Reconfigurable arrays offer a path to large systems; gate fidelity and integration still matter.
Photonic systems
Information carried by single photons through optical circuits. Natural fit for networking and some room-temperature components; loss, sources and detection demand careful engineering.
Silicon spin qubits
Electron or nuclear spins in semiconductor devices, often at low temperature. Attractive chip-manufacturing pathway; uniform control and readout across large arrays are open work.
Topological approaches
Encode information in more protected states if the required physics can be shown and controlled. Potentially lower error overhead, but hardware maturity and demonstrations are still contested.
HOW WE WOULD CHOOSE
Evidence before a platform claim.
Compare gate fidelity, coherence, connectivity, fabrication yield, control and cooling overhead, error-correction fit and a route to modular expansion. Hardware families are not interchangeable by qubit count. This concept has not selected a type, acquired a device or established a technical partnership.